uses of Adrenaline

Uses of Adrenaline 

1. Anaphylactic Shock :-

0.2-0.5 ml of 1:1000 solution (02-0.5mg) im./ diluted 1 in 10 if slow iv

Physiological Antagonist of all the mediators of anaphylaxis Reverses hypotension (alpha, beta1)

                                       bronchospasm (Beta two) 

                                       laryngeal oedema (alpha)

2. Control haemorrhage :-

1 % Adr packs 

Produces local vasoconstriction by a action, Topical Haemostatic for epistaxis & after tooth extraction.

3. With Local Anaesthetics 

1-5 mg % Produces local vasoconstriction by a action, ! Systemic absorption of LA - increases Duration of Action & decrease systemic toxicity - decrease Bleeding - clear for surgery. 

4 . Cardiac resuscitation ( Beta one ) iv, through ET, Intracardiac injection (last resort if iv not possible) in treatment of sudden cardiac arrest due to drowning, electrocution, Stokes-Adams syndrome.

(Intracardiac = inside the ventricle, never in the ventricular wall) 

5.  Bronchial Asthma (Beta 2 ): 0.2 - 0.5 mg s.c.

      Produces broncho dilatation.

Adverse Effects  of Adrenaline 

1. Palpitations, tremors, anxiety, pallor. 

    Even with s.c , injection  for Asthma. 

2. Precipitation of angina:

    In susceptible ( angina, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis).

3. Pulmonary Oedema:In CHF patients.

4. Sudden B.P. --Cerebral Hemorrhagic - Stroke On accidental i.v. / high s.c., patients on Beta blockers.

5. Ventricular Arrhythmia:

Especially in patients given Halothane anaesthesia.